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Xerostomia is the subjective sensation of dry mouth, which is often (but not always) associated with hypofunction of the salivary glands. [3] The term is derived from the Greek words ξηρός (xeros) meaning "dry" and στόμα (stoma) meaning "mouth". [4] [5] A drug or substance that increases the rate of salivary flow is termed a sialogogue.
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease with palpebral ptosis, oropharyngeal dysphagia, and proximal limb weakness. Decrease in salivary flow, which can lead to dry mouth or xerostomia, can be due to Sjögren syndrome, anticholinergics, antihistamines, or certain antihypertensives and can lead to incomplete processing of food bolus.
Salivary gland dysfunction affects the flow, amount, or quality of saliva produced. A reduced salivation is termed hyposalivation.Hyposalivation often results in a dry mouth condition called xerostomia, and this can cause tooth decay due to the loss of the protective properties of saliva.
Atrophic glossitis is a non-specific finding, [16] and has a great many causes, usually related to iron-deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, B vitamin complex deficiencies, [16] unrecognized and untreated celiac disease (which often presents without gastrointestinal symptoms), [17] [18] [19] or other factors such as xerostomia (dry mouth).
Chronic dry mouth is prevalent in a high proportion of the elderly population, affecting roughly one fifth of the group. [25] There has been a link between dry mouth and comorbid diseases including diabetes , Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease [ 14 ] [ 16 ] Additionally, xerostomia can arise from general dehydration . [ 26 ]
Angular cheilitis typically starts with a red dry patch on the corners of the mouth. It can be on one or both sides, with a dry, scaly appearance, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a burning, tingling or scalding sensation in the mouth, lasting for at least four to six months, with no underlying known dental or medical cause. [3] [7] No related signs of disease are found in the mouth. [3]
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