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In nouns, the thematic vowel is almost always *o, [10] and only becomes *e when there is no ending or when followed by *h₂ in the neuter nominative/accusative plural. Here is an example paradigm for * h₂ŕ̥tḱos 'bear', a thematic animate noun, supplemented by the neuter * h₂érh₃trom 'plough' for the nominative/accusative: [ 10 ]
Originally, extensive ablaut (vowel variation, between *e, *o, *ē, *ō and Ø, i.e. no vowel) occurred in PIE, in both derivation and inflection and in the root, suffix, and ending. Variation in the position of the accent likewise occurred in both derivation and inflection, and is often considered part of the ablaut system (which is described ...
This list contains Germanic elements of the English language which have a close corresponding Latinate form. The correspondence is semantic—in most cases these words are not cognates, but in some cases they are doublets, i.e., ultimately derived from the same root, generally Proto-Indo-European, as in cow and beef, both ultimately from PIE *gʷōus.
Verbs, like nominals, made a basic distinction based on whether a short, ablauting vowel -e-or -o-[d], called the thematic vowel was affixed to the root before the final endings added. [ 7 ] In the case of the thematic conjugations, some of the endings differed depending on whether this vowel was present or absent, but by and large the endings ...
As a side effect, e is lengthened to ě, and o to a. Verbs whose stem ends in r or k form this aorist in the same way as previously mentioned, except that intervocalic sigma (s) changes into x, the same set of endings being suffixed to the interfix. As a side effect, e is lengthened to ě, and o to a.
The Spanish and Portuguese termination -o usually denotes the masculine, and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the -o and adding -a. The plural forms are usually -os and -as respectively. Adjectives ending in -ish can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. "the English", "the
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III: Masculine and neuter n-nouns take -(e)n for genitive, dative and accusative: this is used for masculine nouns ending with -e denoting people and animals, masculine nouns ending with -and, -ant, -ent, -ist (mostly denoting people), and a few others (mostly animate nouns). a) nom. der Drache, acc. den Drachen, dat. dem Drachen, gen. des Drachen