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Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency is an inherited disorder that causes lactic acid to accumulate in the blood. [2] High levels of these substances can damage the body's organs and tissues, particularly in the nervous system.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency or PDCD or PDH deficiency) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder associated with abnormal mitochondrial metabolism. PDCD is a genetic disease resulting from mutations in one of the components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). [1]
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a complex of three enzymes that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by a process called pyruvate decarboxylation. [1] Acetyl-CoA may then be used in the citric acid cycle to carry out cellular respiration, and this complex links the glycolysis metabolic pathway to the citric ...
Common signs and symptoms include poor growth, normal lactate/pyruvate ratio (however both lactate and pyruvate are in higher than normal concentrations), hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, neurological problems, and hypotonia. [6] A disease with comparable symptoms is also seen in autosomal recessive mutations of the MPC2 gene. [7]
Pyruvate decarboxylase occurs as a dimer of dimers with two active sites shared between the monomers of each dimer. The enzyme contains a beta-alpha-beta structure, yielding parallel beta-sheets. It contains 563 residue subunits in each dimer; the enzyme has strong intermonomer attractions, but the dimers loosely interact to form a loose tetramer.
A deficiency in any of the enzymes of this complex as well as an inhibition of the complex as a whole leads to a buildup of branched-chain amino acids and their harmful derivatives in the body. These accumulations lend a sweet smell to bodily excretions (such as ear wax and urine), leading to a pathology known as maple syrup urine disease .
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[2] [3] [4] It was first discovered as an essential nutrient in humans through its link with the peripheral nervous system disease beriberi, which results from a deficiency of thiamine in the diet. [5] TPP works as a coenzyme in many enzymatic reactions, such as: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex [6] Pyruvate decarboxylase in ethanol fermentation