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Rabies is a viral disease that causes encephalitis in humans and other mammals. [1] It was historically referred to as hydrophobia ("fear of water") because its victims would panic when offered liquids to drink.
The majority of viral cases of encephalitis have an unknown cause; however, the most common identifiable cause of viral encephalitis is from herpes simplex infection. [12] Other causes of acute viral encephalitis are rabies virus , poliovirus , and measles virus .
“Rabies is a disease that mainly manifests as encephalitis, which is infection and inflammation of the brain,” Stanford University professor of medicine and infectious disease expert Dr. Dean ...
3D still showing rabies virus structure. Rhabdoviruses have helical symmetry, so their infectious particles are approximately cylindrical in shape. They are characterized by an extremely broad host spectrum ranging from plants [citation needed] to insects [citation needed] and mammals; human-infecting viruses more commonly have icosahedral symmetry and take shapes approximating regular polyhedra.
In the U.S., in 2022, there were 3,579 reported cases of rabies infections. All of those cases were confirmed through brain biopsy of the deceased animal and that is the only way to make a ...
Three stages of rabies are recognized in dogs and other animals. The first stage, known as the prodromal stage, is a one- to three-day period that occurs once the virus reaches the brain, and enters the beginning of encephalitis. Outwardly, it is characterized by behavioral changes such as restlessness, deep fatigue, and pain indications such ...
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Prophylactic vaccination is available against poliomyelitis, measles, Japanese encephalitis, and rabies. Hyper immune immunoglobulin has been used for prophylaxis of measles, herpes zoster virus, HSV-2, vaccine, rabies, and some other infections in high-risk groups.