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The giraffe's neck is elongated by heterochrony, extension of the time for the embryonic development of these bones. [ 4 ] By convention, the cervical vertebrae are numbered, with the first one (C1) closest to the skull and higher numbered vertebrae (C2–C7) proceeding away from the skull and down the spine.
The head rests on the top part of the vertebral column, with the skull joining at C1 (the first cervical vertebra known as the atlas).The skeletal section of the head and neck forms the top part of the axial skeleton and is made up of the skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, and cervical spine.
Muscles of the neck attach to the skull, hyoid bone, clavicles and the sternum. They bound the two major neck triangles; anterior and posterior. [1] [7] Anterior triangle is defined by the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, inferior edge of the mandible and the midline of the neck.
Apex: Union of the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles at the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone. Anteriorly: Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus. Posteriorly: Anterior border of the trapezius. Inferiorly: Middle one third of the clavicle. Roof: Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia. Floor: (From superior to ...
In veterinary anatomy, the term hyoid apparatus is the collective term used to refer to the bones of the tongue—a pair of stylohyoidea, a pair of thyrohyoidea, and unpaired basihyoideum [21] —and associated, upper-gular connective tissues. [22] In humans, the single hyoid bone is an equivalent of the hyoid apparatus. [23]
The triangles of the neck describe the divisions created by the major muscles in the region.. The side of the neck presents a somewhat quadrilateral outline, limited, above, by the lower border of the body of the mandible, and an imaginary line extending from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process; below, by the upper border of the clavicle; in front, by the middle line of the neck ...
The deep cervical fascia (or fascia colli in older texts) lies under cover of the platysma, and invests the muscles of the neck; it also forms sheaths for the carotid vessels, and for the structures situated in front of the vertebral column. Its attachment to the hyoid bone prevents the formation of a dewlap. [1]
P. Palatine aponeurosis; Palatopharyngeus muscle; Paranasal sinuses; Parietal bone; Pars intermedia; Patulous Eustachian tube; Peripharyngeal space; Pharyngeal pouch ...