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The physical properties of the isomers of xylene differ slightly. The melting point ranges from −47.87 °C (−54.17 °F) (m-xylene) to 13.26 °C (55.87 °F) (p-xylene)—as usual, the para isomer's melting point is much higher because it packs more readily in the crystal structure. The boiling point for each isomer is around 140 °C (284 °F).
p-Xylene (para-xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is one of the three isomers of dimethylbenzene known collectively as xylenes . The p- stands for para- , indicating that the two methyl groups in p -xylene occupy the diametrically opposite substituent positions 1 and 4.
o-Xylene (ortho-xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C 6 H 4 (CH 3) 2, with two methyl substituents bonded to adjacent carbon atoms of a benzene ring (the ortho configuration). It is a constitutional isomer of m -xylene and p -xylene , the mixture being called xylene or xylenes.
In the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, the initialism BTX refers to mixtures of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers, all of which are aromatic hydrocarbons. The xylene isomers are distinguished by the designations ortho – (or o –), meta – (or m –), and para – (or p –) as indicated in the adjacent diagram.
m-Xylene (meta-xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is one of the three isomers of dimethylbenzene known collectively as xylenes . The m- stands for meta- , indicating that the two methyl groups in m -xylene occupy positions 1 and 3 on a benzene ring.
For the hydrocarbons with no further unsaturation, there are four isomers. There are three xylenes and one ethylbenzene. The substances are: ... p-xylene (1,4 ...
Xylidine can refer to any of the six isomers of xylene amine, or any mixture of them. The chemical formula of xylidines is C 8 H 11 N or, more descriptively, (CH 3) 2 C 6 H 3 NH 2. The CAS number for the isomer mixture is . They are colorless solids or liquids, although commercial samples can appear yellow or darker.
Six isomers exist, of which 2,6-xylenol with both methyl groups in an ortho position with respect to the hydroxyl group is the most important. The name xylenol is a portmanteau of the words xylene and phenol .