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Boron trichloride is a starting material for the production of elemental boron. It is also used in the refining of aluminium, magnesium, zinc, and copper alloys to remove nitrides, carbides, and oxides from molten metal. It has been used as a soldering flux for alloys of aluminium, iron, zinc, tungsten, and monel. Aluminium castings can be ...
Each boron atom has a formal −1 charge and magnesium is assigned a formal charge of +2. In this material, the boron centers are trigonal planar with an extra double bond for each boron, forming sheets akin to the carbon in graphite. However, unlike hexagonal boron nitride, which lacks electrons in the plane of the covalent atoms, the ...
Boron forms the complete series of trihalides, i.e. BX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I). The trifluoride is produced by treating borate salts with hydrogen fluoride, while the trichloride is produced by carbothermic reduction of boron oxides in the presence of chlorine gas: [49] [51] B 2 O 3 + 3 C + 6 Cl 2 → 2 BCl 3 + 3 CO
[265] [n 27] Simple binary compounds, such as boron trichloride are Lewis acids as the formation of three covalent bonds leaves a hole in the octet which can be filled by an electron-pair donated by a Lewis base. [250] Boron has a strong affinity for oxygen and a duly extensive borate chemistry. [258]
It can also be formed by the electrical discharge procedure of boron trichloride at low temperatures: [1] [3] BCl 3 → BCl 2 + Cl Cl + Hg → HgCl or HgCl 2 2 BCl 2 → B 2 Cl 4. The most efficient synthesis technique uses no dechlorinating metal, instead passing radio-frequency AC current through gaseous boron trichloride. [4]
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If the bonding were the conventional covalent type then each boron would have donated five electrons. However, boron has only three valence electrons, and it is thought that the bonding in the B 12 icosahedra is achieved by the so-called 3-center electron-deficient bonds where the electron charge is accumulated at the center of a triangle ...
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