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  2. Chromium toxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium_toxicity

    Chromium toxicity refers to any poisonous toxic effect in an organism or cell that results from exposure to specific forms of chromium—especially hexavalent chromium. [1] Hexavalent chromium and its compounds are toxic when inhaled or ingested. Trivalent chromium is a trace mineral that is essential to human nutrition.

  3. Garfield Groundwater Contamination Superfund site - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfield_Groundwater...

    In 1983, a tank at the E.C Electroplating property malfunctioned and spilled chromic acid into the groundwater underneath the property that subsequently spread to the surrounding area. The contamination presented a health risk to Garfield residents in the area due to exposure to hexavalent chromium, a toxic form of chromium. The site was ...

  4. Hexavalent chromium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexavalent_chromium

    Hexavalent chromium (chromium(VI), Cr(VI), chromium 6) is any chemical compound that contains the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state (thus hexavalent). [1] It has been identified as carcinogenic, which is of concern since approximately 136,000 tonnes (150,000 tons) of hexavalent chromium were produced in 1985. [ 2 ]

  5. Hinkley groundwater contamination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinkley_groundwater...

    PG&E used chromium 6, or hexavalent chromium (a cheap and efficient rust suppressor), in its compressor station for natural-gas transmission pipelines. [1] [3] Hexavalent-chromium compounds are genotoxic carcinogens. In 1993, legal clerk Erin Brockovich began an investigation into the health impacts of the contamination. A class-action lawsuit ...

  6. Chromium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium

    Chromium, especially hexavalent chromium, is highly toxic to fish because it is easily absorbed across the gills, readily enters blood circulation, crosses cell membranes and bioconcentrates up the food chain. In contrast, the toxicity of trivalent chromium is very low, attributed to poor membrane permeability and little biomagnification. [141]

  7. List of food contamination incidents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_food_contamination...

    An "incident" of chemical food contamination may be defined as an episodic occurrence of adverse health effects in humans (or animals that might be consumed by humans) following high exposure to particular chemicals, or instances where episodically high concentrations of chemical hazards were detected in the food chain and traced back to a particular event.

  8. Hazard analysis and critical control points - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_analysis_and...

    Hazard analysis critical control points, or HACCP (/ ˈ h æ s ʌ p / [1]), is a systematic preventive approach to food safety from biological, chemical, and physical hazards in production processes that can cause the finished product to be unsafe and designs measures to reduce these risks to a safe level.

  9. Toxic heavy metal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_heavy_metal

    A 25-foot (7.6 m) wall of coal fly ash from the release of 5.4 million cubic yards ash slurry into the Emory River, Tennessee, in 2008. [1] The river water was contaminated with toxic metals including arsenic, copper, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and thallium. [2]