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  2. Existence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existence

    The existential quantifier ∃ is often used in logic to express existence.. Existence is the state of having being or reality in contrast to nonexistence and nonbeing.Existence is often contrasted with essence: the essence of an entity is its essential features or qualities, which can be understood even if one does not know whether the entity exists.

  3. Reality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality

    Reality is the sum or aggregate of all that is real or existent within the universe, as opposed to that which is only imaginary, nonexistent or nonactual. The term is also used to refer to the ontological status of things, indicating their existence. [1] In physical terms, reality is the totality of a system, known and unknown. [2]

  4. Ontology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology

    Another distinction exists between concrete objects existing in space and time, such as a tree, and abstract objects existing outside space and time, like the number 7. Systems of categories aim to provide a comprehensive inventory of reality by employing categories such as substance, property, relation, state of affairs, and event.

  5. Metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics

    Metaphysicians often regard existence or being as one of the most basic and general concepts. [26] To exist means to be part of reality, distinguishing real entities from imaginary ones. [27] According to a traditionally influential view, existence is a property of properties: if an entity exists then its properties are instantiated. [28]

  6. If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_a_tree_falls_in_a_forest...

    Perhaps the most important topic the riddle offers is the division between perception of an object and how an object really is. If a tree exists outside of perception, then there is no way for us to know that the tree exists. So then, what do we mean by 'existence'; what is the difference between perception and reality?

  7. Being and Nothingness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Being_and_Nothingness

    Existence: Concrete, individual being-for-itself here and now. Existence precedes essence. The subjective existence of reality precedes and defines its nature. Who you are (your essence) is defined by what you do (your existence). Facticity (facticité): Broadly, facts about the world. More precisely, the For-itself's necessary connection with ...

  8. Ontological argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontological_argument

    Existence is a single, objective and simple reality, and there is no difference between its parts, unless in terms of perfection and imperfection, strength, and weakness... And the culmination of its perfection, where there is nothing more perfect, is its independence from any other thing.

  9. Extended modal realism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_modal_realism

    There is a difference between reality and existence. Reality is a primitive notion: either something is real or it is not. Existence, on the other hand, is relative to a world. [7] [13] So understood in the widest sense, Pegasus is real because he exists in some possible worlds, even though he does not exist in the actual world.