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The Iberian System [a] is one of the major systems of mountain ranges in Spain. It consists of a vast and complex area of mostly relatively high and rugged mountain chains and massifs located in the central region of the Iberian Peninsula , but reaching almost the Mediterranean coast in the Valencian Community in the east.
The Guadarramas form a natural division between the North and South mesetas of the Iberian Peninsula, part of the so-called Sistema Central. The mountain bases are located between 900 and 1,200 metres above sea level, and the principal peaks of the range have an average topographic prominence of 1,000 metres.
Topographic map of the Iberian Peninsula, in which the Meseta Central appears labeled by its Spanish name. The Sistema Central mountain range cuts across the Meseta Central, leaving the Submeseta Norte sub-unit (with heights mostly ranging from 700 to 800 m) to the North and the Submeseta Sur (with heights mostly ranging from 600 to 700 m) to ...
The Sistema Central is a primary feature of the Meseta Central, the inner Iberian plateau, splitting the meseta into two parts.The Sistema Central runs in an ENE - WSW direction roughly along the southern border of the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León and Extremadura continuing into the Guarda and Castelo Branco districts in Portugal.
These two mountain chains are part of the Alpine belt. To the west, the peninsula is delimited by the continental boundary formed by the opening of the Atlantic Ocean . The Hercynian fold belt is mostly buried by Mesozoic and Cenozoic cover rocks to the east but nevertheless outcrops through the Iberian Chain and the Catalan Coastal Ranges .
The Subbaetic or Sub-Baetic System (Spanish: Sistema Subbético or Cordillera Subbética [1]) is one of the three systems of mountain ranges of the Baetic System in the southern Iberian Peninsula. Highest point 2,027 m (6,650 ft) high Peña de la Cruz in Sierra Arana. Its northern limit includes the valley of the Guadalquivir in its western part.
The mountain ranges that are part of this system are generally aligned \along a southwest-northeast direction. [ 1 ] The best-known range of the Baetic System is the Sierra Nevada , which contains the Mulhacén , the highest mountain in continental Spain and in the Iberian Peninsula .
The southern ranges are mostly in Andalucia region and part of the Baetic System (Sistema Bético) of mountains. The Sierra Nevada is in southern Andalucia, north of the Mediterranean Sea. Mulhacén in the Sierra Nevada reaches 3478 metres elevation, and is the highest mountain in Europe outside the Alps and the Caucasus. [3]