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Regeneration starts following an injury that require the growth of a new tissue. [26] Neoblasts localized near the injury site proliferate to generate a structure of differentiating cells called blastema. Neoblasts are required for new cell production, and they therefore provide the cellular basis for planarian regeneration. [27]
They are the only dividing planarian cells, and they produce all cell types, including the germline. [1] [2] Neoblasts are abundant in the planarian parenchyma, and comprise up to 30 percent of all cells. [1] Following injury, neoblasts rapidly divide and generate new cells, which allows planarians to regenerate any missing tissue. [1]
Planaria is a genus of planarians in the family Planariidae. Due to its excellent ability to regenerate, species of Planaria has also been used as model organisms in regeneration studies. [ 1 ] When an individual is cut into pieces, each piece has the ability to regenerate into a fully formed individual. [ 2 ]
Planarian flatworms have both sexually and asexually reproducing types. Studies on genus Schmidtea mediterranea suggest these planarians appear to regenerate (i.e. heal) indefinitely, and asexual individuals have an "apparently limitless [telomere] regenerative capacity fueled by a population of highly proliferative adult stem cells". [30]
Here is an example mechanism of what happens during neoblast specification during regeneration. As stated above, there are several different types of organisms that can utilize a regenerative blastema as an adult. These organisms include urodele amphibians, zebrafish, and planarian flatworms as major creatures of study.
Planaria torva is a species of planarian in the family Planariidae. [1] When an individual is cut into pieces, each piece has the ability to regenerate into a fully formed individual. [ 2 ]
Planarians, a subgroup of seriates, are famous for their ability to regenerate if divided by cuts across their bodies. Experiments show that (in fragments that do not already have a head) a new head grows most quickly on those fragments which were originally located closest to the original head.
This regeneration uses the interaction of several sets of Hox genes, as well as blastema formation. All of the Hox genes concerned in epimorphosis are present in the abdominal area of the worm, but not in the anterior portion. However, the genes do not, themselves, direct the anterior-posterior patterning of the worm's thorax. [20]