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The Thirty Years' War, [j] from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history.Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from the effects of battle, famine, or disease, while parts of Germany reported population declines of over 50%. [19]
The Battle of Rocroi, fought on 19 May 1643, was a major engagement of the Thirty Years' War between a French army, led by the 21-year-old Duke of Enghien (later known as the Great Condé) and Spanish forces under General Francisco de Melo only five days after the accession of Louis XIV to the throne of France after his father's death.
Battles of the Thirty Years' War involving France (1 C, 34 P) H. ... (6 P) Battles of the Thirty Years' War involving the Holy Roman Empire (61 P) P.
The Franco-Spanish War was fought from 1635 to 1659 between France and Spain, each supported by various allies at different points.The first phase, beginning in May 1635 and ending with the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, is considered a related conflict of the Thirty Years' War.
Louis II de Bourbon, Prince of Condé (8 September 1621 – 11 December 1686), known as le Grand Condé (French for 'the Great Condé'), was a French military commander. A tactician and strategist, he is regarded as one of France's greatest generals, particularly celebrated for his triumphs in the Thirty Years' War and his campaigns during the Franco-Dutch War.
The Battle of Freiburg, fought over three days on 3, 5, and 9 August 1644, took place during the Thirty Years' War, near Freiburg im Breisgau, now in Baden-Württemberg.A French army of 16,000, led jointly by Condé and Turenne, sought to relieve the town, which had recently surrendered to a Bavarian force under Franz von Mercy.
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On October 24, 1648, the rivalry between the House of Austria and the Bourbons led to the Treaty of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War. France, the great victor of this long conflict, expanded its territory eastward: Metz, Toul, and Verdun were recognized as de jure French after a century of de facto protectorate.