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For the farrowing sow operation, digester and primary lagoon effluent concentrations ranged from 9,600 to 24,900 ng/L for estrone, 5,000 to 10,400 ng/L for estriol, and 2,200 to 3,000 ng/L for estradiol. Ethinylestradiol was not detected in any of the lagoon or ground water samples. Natural estrogen concentrations in ground water samples were ...
The disinfecting stage is optional, and is used where a sterile effluent is required, such as cases where the effluent is distributed above ground. The disinfectant typically used is tablets of calcium hypochlorite, which are specially made for waste treatment systems. [3] The tablets are intended to break down quickly in sunlight.
Agriculture can contribute from heavy use of fertilizer as well as animal agriculture waste. Over 68 published and peer-reviewed studies have been conducted since 2002, out of these studies 15 found direct links to groundwater pollution from animals' waste at CAFOs. [ 5 ]
This quality depends on feedstock and type of anaerobic digester system. [3] Generally the ammonia content of the digestate accounts for approximately 60-80% of the total nitrogen content, but for a feedstock like kitchen food waste it can be as high as 99%.
Aerobic digestion is a process in sewage treatment designed to reduce the volume of sewage sludge and make it suitable [1] for subsequent use. [2] More recently, technology has been developed that allows the treatment and reduction of other [3] organic waste, such as food, cardboard and horticultural waste.
For example, in a farm-based digester that uses dairy manure as the primary feedstock, [61] the gas production may be significantly increased by adding a second feedstock, e.g., grass and corn (typical on-farm feedstock), or various organic byproducts, such as slaughterhouse waste, fats, oils and grease from restaurants, organic household waste ...