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Paronychia is an inflammation of the skin around the nail, often due to bacteria or fungi. Its sudden (acute) occurrence is usually due to the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus . Gradual (chronic) occurrences are typically caused by fungi, commonly Candida albicans .
The basis of laser treatment is to try to heat the nail bed to these temperatures in order to disrupt fungal growth. [49] As of 2013 research into laser treatment seemed promising. [ 2 ] There is also ongoing development in photodynamic therapy , which uses laser or LED light to activate photosensitisers that eradicate fungi.
If conservative treatment of a minor ingrown toenail does not succeed, or if the ingrown toenail is severe, surgical treatment may be required. [10] A "gutter splint" may be improvised by slicing a cotton-tipped wooden applicator diagonally to form a bevel and using this to insert a wisp of cotton from the applicator head under the nail to lift ...
Anatomy of the basic parts of a human nail.A. Nail plate; B. lunula; C. root; D. sinus; E. matrix; F. nail bed; G. eponychium; H. free margin. Onychia is an inflammation of the nail folds (surrounding tissue of the nail plate) of the nail with formation of pus and shedding of the nail.
Onychomadesis is defined by the nail plate's detachment from the matrix, its continuous connection to the nail bed, and, frequently but not always, shedding. [4] Beau lines are transverse ridges on the nail plates. [5]
For home treatment, the American Academy of Dermatology recommends clipping the loose piece of skin with a clean nail clipper or nail scissors, and applying over-the-counter antibiotic ointment if the area appears inflamed. Persistent hangnails should be evaluated by a physician. [5]
The least invasive treatment includes soaking the nail in alcohol and regularly trimming the nail back, [medical citation needed] to dry out the area and prevent bacterial colonization. [15] Some at-home treatments include soaking the nails in vinegar (diluted with water 1:1) or a chlorine bleach solution (diluted with water 1:4) at regular ...
When kept dry and away from further trauma, the nail will reattach from the base upward (i.e., from proximal to distal). The aim of treatment is also to eliminate onychomycosis that is a major cause of onycholysis. Antifungals like terbinafin and itraconazole in the form of oral pills should be given for 6 to 8 weeks. [11]