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Illustration of reincarnation in Hindu art In Jainism, a soul travels to any one of the four states of existence after death depending on its karmas.. Reincarnation, also known as rebirth or transmigration, is the philosophical or religious concept that the non-physical essence of a living being begins a new lifespan in a different physical form or body after biological death.
Madhva differed significantly from traditional Hindu beliefs, owing to his concept of eternal damnation. For example, he divides souls into three classes: one class of souls which qualify for liberation ( Mukti-yogyas ), another subject to eternal rebirth or eternal transmigration ( Nitya-samsarins ), and a third class that is eventually ...
Tritiya-Prakriti: People of the Third Sex. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4134-6420-7. [self-published source] Doniger, Wendy (1999). Splitting the difference: gender and myth in ancient Greece and India (Volumes 1996–1997 of Jordan lectures in comparative religion). University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15641-5.
The term karma (Sanskrit: कर्म; Pali: kamma) refers to both the executed 'deed, work, action, act' and the 'object, intent'. [3]Wilhelm Halbfass (2000) explains karma (karman) by contrasting it with the Sanskrit word kriya: [3] whereas kriya is the activity along with the steps and effort in action, karma is (1) the executed action as a consequence of that activity, as well as (2) the ...
Hindu views of homosexuality and LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) issues more generally are diverse, and different Hindu groups have distinct views. Hinduism describes a third gender that is equal to other genders and documentation of the third gender are found in ancient Hindu and Buddhist medical texts. [1]
The other four are: brahman (the one supreme god head, not to be confused with Brahmin), atma (soul or spirit), karma (actions and reciprocity, causality), samsara (principle of rebirth, reincarnation). Moksha, in Balinese Hindu belief, is the possibility of unity with the divine; it is sometimes referred to as nirwana. [104] [105]
The concept of the avatar (or incarnation) within Hinduism is most often associated with Vishnu, the preserver or sustainer aspect of God within the Hindu Trimurti. The avatars of Vishnu descend to empower the good and to destroy evil, thereby restoring Dharma and relieving the burden of the Earth.
Advaita Vedanta is often presented as an elite scholarly tradition belonging to the orthodox Hindu Vedānta [note 8] tradition, emphasizing scholarly works written in Sanskrit; [22] as such, it is an "iconic representation of Hindu religion and culture."