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The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first satyagraha movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in British India and is considered a historically important rebellion in the Indian independence movement. It was a farmer's uprising that took place in Champaran district of Bihar in the Indian subcontinent , during the British colonial period .
From 1920 onwards, Indians, led by Mahatma Gandhi, were engaged in a nationwide non-cooperation movement.Using non-violent methods of civil disobedience known as Satyagraha, protests were organized by the Indian National Congress to challenge oppressive government regulatory measures such as the Rowlatt Act, with the ultimate goal of attaining Swaraj (home rule).
Champaran District was a district of British India. In 1917, Mohandas Gandhi did his first Satyagraha movement in India at this district against European landowners and British government. [ 1 ]
Raj Kumar Shukla (23 August 1875 – 20 May 1929) was the person who convinced Mahatma Gandhi to visit Champaran which later led to the Champaran Satyagraha. [1] Shukla at the time paid well to work under Hafiz Din Mohammad and was sent to meet Gandhi.
Satyagraha is also termed a "universal force," as it essentially "makes no distinction between kinsmen and strangers, young and old, man and woman, friend and foe." [6] Gandhi contrasted satyagraha (holding on to truth) with "duragraha" (holding on by force), as in protest meant more to harass than enlighten opponents.
Champaran is identified with the Champāraṇya mentioned in the Bheraghat inscription as a place "devastated" by the Kalachuri king Yashaḥkarṇa (11th/12th century). [2]In 1917, Mahatma Gandhi led a satyagraha movement in the Champaran district against the policies enforced by European landowners and the colonial government.
In 1919 he joined the famous Vaikom Satyagraha, and in 1933 assisted B.R. Ambedkar in formulating the demands of the Dalits. He and Agatha Harrison arranged for Gandhi's visit to the UK. [ 6 ] He accompanied Gandhi to the second Round Table Conference in London , helping him to negotiate with the British government on matters of Indian autonomy ...
Facing the possibility of arrest, just like he always did in South Africa, Gandhi first spoke for the rights of impoverished indigo-cultivators in the Champaran district. His efforts eventually led to the appointment of a government commission to investigate abuses perpetrated on the indigo planters. He also interfered whenever he saw violence.