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  2. Ancien régime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancien_régime

    The French Revolution and the creation of modern political culture. Vol. 1, The Political Culture of Old Regime. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Behrens, C.B.A. Ancien Regime (1989) Black, Jeremy. From Louis XIV to Napoleon: The Fate of a Great Power (1999) Bluche, François (1993). L'Ancien Régime: Institutions et société (in French) (Livre de ...

  3. Pays d'états - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pays_d'états

    In red, the pays d'états in 1789. Under the Ancien Régime, a pays d'états (French pronunciation: [pei deta], lit. ' Land of states ') was a type of généralité, or fiscal and financial region where, in contrast to the pays d'election, an estates provincial or representative assembly of the three orders had retained its traditional role of negotiating the raising of taxes with the royal ...

  4. Estates of the realm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm

    The members of the Parliament of Scotland were collectively referred to as the Three Estates (Older Scots: Thre Estaitis), also known as the community of the realm, and until 1690 composed of: the first estate of prelates (bishops and abbots) the second estate of lairds (dukes, earls, parliamentary peers (after 1437) and lay tenants-in-chief)

  5. States provincial (France) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_Provincial_(France)

    The pays d'etat (red) of ancien regime France (the pays d'imposition in yellow). In France under the ancien régime, a states (or estates) provincial (états provinciaux [eta pʁɔvɛ̃sjo]) or estates particular (états particuliers [eta paʁtikylje]) [1] (to distinguish them from the Estates General; but see § États particuliers below) was an assembly of the three estates of a province ...

  6. List of constitutions of France - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_constitutions_of...

    The Kingdom of France, under the Ancien Régime, was an absolute monarchy and lacked a formal constitution; the regime essentially relied on custom. That said, certain rules known as the fundamental laws of the Kingdom were outside the power of the monarch to change without further consent.

  7. Estates General (France) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estates_General_(France)

    Opening of the Estates General on 5 May 1789 in the Grands Salles des Menus-Plaisirs in Versailles. In France under the Ancien Régime, the Estates General (French: États généraux [eta ʒeneʁo]) or States-General was a legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes (or estates) of French subjects.

  8. Louis XVIII - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XVIII

    On 17 June, the Third Estate declared itself a National Assembly, an Assembly not of the Estates, but of the people. The Count of Provence urged the King to act strongly against the declaration, while the King's popular minister Jacques Necker aimed at reaching a compromise with the new assembly. Louis XVI was characteristically indecisive.

  9. Estates General of 1789 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estates_General_of_1789

    The suggestion to summon the Estates General came from the Assembly of Notables installed by the king on 22 February 1787. The Estates General had not been called since 1614. In 1787, the Parlement of Paris refused to ratify Charles Alexandre de Calonne's program of financial reform, due to the competing interests of its noble members. Calonne ...