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Average hexavalent chromium levels in Hinkley were recorded as 1.19 parts-per-billion (ppb), with an estimated peak of 20 ppb. Based on the PG&E Background Study, the PG&E Topock Compressor Station averaged 7.8 ppb and peaked at 31.8 ppb. [33] The proposed California health goal for hexavalent chromium was 0.02 ppb in 2011. [34]
Hexavalent chromium (chromium(VI), Cr(VI), chromium 6) is any chemical compound that contains the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state (thus hexavalent). [1] It has been identified as carcinogenic, which is of concern since approximately 136,000 tonnes (150,000 tons) of hexavalent chromium were produced in 1985. [ 2 ]
There were an estimated 700 properties above or near the chromium groundwater contamination. The EPA found that 14 out of the 512 investigated basements had hexavalent chromium levels above acceptable; the EPA removed the chromium and installed systems to prevent further contamination in thirteen out of the fourteen basements. [1]
California has set a limit for the toxic heavy metal hexavalent chromium in drinking water. Advocates have called for a stricter limit, warning of health risks.
Soil contamination by metals including chromium, copper and lead and groundwater and surface water contamination by hexavalent chromium from former tool manufacturing. Groundwater contamination has affected the Memphis Aquifer and two Collierville municipal wells have been taken out of service as a result. [49] [50]
Soils contaminated by radiological and chemical waste from plutonium manufacture for the Manhattan Project and subsequent activities. Groundwater contaminated by strontium-90, carbon-14, tritium and hexavalent chromium and discharges into the Columbia River, which is the water supply for over 170,000 people. [33] June 24, 1988: April 10, 1989 –
The contamination resulted in a $333 million settlement in 1996. The clean-up process is ongoing as of 2022, with monthly monitoring reports submitted by PG&E. [69] This case has led to California being the only state in the US to adopt an MCL of 10 ppb specifically for hexavalent chromium instead of relying on an overall total chromium count. [70]
Groundwater contamination by hexavalent chromium, with elevated levels of cadmium, nickel and other heavy metals. Groundwater VOC contamination attributed to neighboring industry. Groundwater contamination has not been detected in municipal drinking water wells. [13] [14] 06/24/1988: 10/04/1989