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Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (/ ˌ ɑːr k i b æ k ˈ t ɪər i ə /, in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this term has fallen out of use. [5] Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from Bacteria and Eukaryota. Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phyla.
Euryarchaeota (from Ancient Greek εὐρύς eurús, "broad, wide") is a kingdom of archaea. [3] Euryarchaeota are highly diverse and include methanogens, which produce methane and are often found in intestines; halobacteria, which survive extreme concentrations of salt; and some extremely thermophilic aerobes and anaerobes, which generally live at temperatures between 41 and 122 °C.
Combined with the five-kingdom model, this created a six-kingdom model, where the kingdom Monera is replaced by the kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea. [16] This six-kingdom model is commonly used in recent US high school biology textbooks, but has received criticism for compromising the current scientific consensus. [ 13 ]
[1] [2] [3] It emerged from development of knowledge of archaea diversity and challenges the widely accepted three-domain system that classifies life into Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. [4] It was preceded by the eocyte hypothesis of James A. Lake in the 1980s, [5] which was largely superseded by the three-domain system, due to evidence at the ...
The three-domain system adds a level of classification (the domains) "above" the kingdoms present in the previously used five- or six-kingdom systems.This classification system recognizes the fundamental divide between the two prokaryotic groups, insofar as Archaea appear to be more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to other prokaryotes – bacteria-like organisms with no cell nucleus.
The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of bacteria and archaea was probably a hyperthermophile that lived about 2.5 billion–3.2 billion years ago. [16] [17] [18] The earliest life on land may have been bacteria some 3.22 billion years ago. [19] Bacteria were also involved in the second great evolutionary divergence, that of the archaea and ...
The bacteria and archaea are thought to be the most ancient of lineages, [21] as fossil strata bearing the chemical signature of archaeal lipids have been dated back to 3.8 billion years ago. [22] The eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. They are thought to have evolved between 1.6 and 2.1 billion years ...
Archaea Sulfolobus infected with specific virus STSV-1: Scientific classification; Domain: Archaea: Kingdom: Proteoarchaeota Petitjean et al. 2014: Superphyla and phyla [1] TACK superphylum "Aigarchaeota" "Bathyarchaeota" Thermoproteota "Geoarchaeota" "Korarchaeota" Nitrososphaerota "Verstraetearchaeota" Asgard superphylum "Heimdallarchaeota ...