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In Marxist and anarchist theories, the labor aristocracy is the segment of the "working class which has better wages and working conditions compared to the broader proletariat, often enabled by their specialized skills, and in a global context by the exploitation of colonized or underdeveloped countries.
The working class is a subset of employees who are compensated with wage or salary-based contracts, whose exact membership varies from definition to definition. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Members of the working class rely primarily upon earnings from wage labour .
In terms of social structure, the Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in mills and factories, but these were often under strict working conditions with long hours of labour ...
The crisis led to widespread protest and violence, but the middle classes and upper classes strongly supported the government, which used the army to suppress all working-class unrest, especially the Luddite movement. [17] [18] The Luddites met at night on the moors surrounding industrial towns to practice military-like drills and manoeuvres.
Labor history is a sub-discipline of social history which specializes on the history of the working classes and the labor movement.Labor historians may concern themselves with issues of gender, race, ethnicity, and other factors besides class but chiefly focus on urban or industrial societies which distinguishes it from rural history.
The working conditions for "drawers" exemplify some of the changes following the Industrial Revolution. The Condition-of-England question was a debate in the Victorian era over the issue of the English working class during the Industrial Revolution. It was first proposed by Thomas Carlyle in his essay Chartism (1839).
The labour movement developed as a response to capitalism and the Industrial Revolution of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, at about the same time as socialism. [1] The early goals of the movement were the right to unionise, the right to vote, democracy, safe working conditions and the 40-hour week.
The strike action only became a feature of the political landscape with the onset of the Industrial Revolution. For the first time in history, large numbers of people were members of the industrial working class; they lived in towns and cities, exchanging their labor for payment.