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  2. Respiratory sounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_sounds

    Rhonchi are coarse rattling respiratory sounds, usually caused by secretions in bronchial airways. The sounds resemble snoring. "Rhonchi" is the plural form of the singular word "rhonchus". [8] Stridor: Wheeze-like sound heard when a person breathes. Usually it is due to a blockage of airflow in the windpipe (trachea) or in the back of the ...

  3. Wheeze - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeze

    A wheeze is a clinical symptom of a continuous, coarse, whistling sound produced in the respiratory airways during breathing. [1] For wheezes to occur, part of the respiratory tree must be narrowed or obstructed (for example narrowing of the lower respiratory tract in an asthmatic attack), or airflow velocity within the respiratory tree must be heightened.

  4. Sibilant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilant

    For example, apical and laminal alveolars can be specified as [s̺] vs [s̻]; a dental (or more likely denti-alveolar) sibilant as [s̪]; a palatalized alveolar as [sʲ]; and a generic "retracted sibilant" as [s̠], a transcription frequently used for the sharper-quality types of retroflex consonants (e.g. the laminal "flat" type and the "apico ...

  5. Sonority sequencing principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonority_Sequencing_Principle

    A good example for the SSP in English is the one-syllable word trust: The first consonant in the syllable onset is t, which is a stop, the lowest on the sonority scale; next is r, a liquid which is more sonorous, then we have the vowel u / ʌ / – the sonority peak; next, in the syllable coda, is s, a sibilant, and last is another stop, t.

  6. Sonority hierarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonority_hierarchy

    Sound types are the most sonorous on the left side of the scale, and become progressively less sonorous towards the right (e.g., fricatives are less sonorous than nasals). The labels on the left refer to distinctive features, and categories of sounds can be grouped together according to whether they share a feature. For instance, as shown in ...

  7. Rhotic consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhotic_consonant

    Another suggestion is that rhotics are defined by their behaviour on the sonority hierarchy, namely, that a rhotic is any sound that patterns as being more sonorous than a lateral consonant but less sonorous than a vowel. [3] The potential for variation within the class of rhotics makes them a popular area for research in sociolinguistics. [9]

  8. Pharyngealization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngealization

    pharyngealized voiceless alveolar sibilant [sˤ] ⓘ (in Chechen, Kurmanji, Arabic, Classical Hebrew and Northern Berber) pharyngealized voiced alveolar sibilant [zˤ] ⓘ (in Chechen, Berber, Arabic and Kurmanji) pharyngealized voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃˤ] (in Kabyle and Chechen)

  9. Liquid consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_consonant

    The grammarian Dionysius Thrax used the Ancient Greek word ὑγρός (hygrós, transl. moist) to describe the sonorant consonants (/l, r, m, n/) of classical Greek. [1] [2] It is assumed that the term referred to their changing or inconsistent (or "fluid") effect on meter in classical Greek verse when they occur as the second member of a consonant cluster (see below).