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One iteration of the middle-square method, showing a 6-digit seed, which is then squared, and the resulting value has its middle 6 digits as the output value (and also as the next seed for the sequence).
The two are complementary in sense that if one knows the midhinge and the IQR, one can find the first and third quartiles. The use of the term hinge for the lower or upper quartiles derives from John Tukey 's work on exploratory data analysis in the late 1970s, [ 1 ] and midhinge is a fairly modern term dating from around that time.
A Barker code resembles a discrete version of a continuous chirp, another low-autocorrelation signal used in other pulse compression radars. The positive and negative amplitudes of the pulses forming the Barker codes imply the use of biphase modulation or binary phase-shift keying ; that is, the change of phase in the carrier wave is 180 degrees.
The mid-range is closely related to the range, a measure of statistical dispersion defined as the difference between maximum and minimum values. The two measures are complementary in sense that if one knows the mid-range and the range, one can find the sample maximum and minimum values.
As a median is based on the middle data in a set, it is not necessary to know the value of extreme results in order to calculate it. For example, in a psychology test investigating the time needed to solve a problem, if a small number of people failed to solve the problem at all in the given time a median can still be calculated.
By 1970, a calculator could be made using just a few chips of low power consumption, allowing portable models powered from rechargeable batteries. The first handheld calculator was a 1967 prototype called Cal Tech, whose development was led by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments in a research project to produce a portable calculator. It could add ...
The RPG programming language originally was created by IBM for their 1401 systems. IBM later produced implementations for the 7070/72/74 [4] [5] and System/360; [6] RPG II became the primary programming language for their midrange computer product line, (the System/3, System/32, System/34, System/38, System/36 and AS/400).
The starting point is on the line (,) =only because the line is defined to start and end on integer coordinates (though it is entirely reasonable to want to draw a line with non-integer end points).