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Wind energy penetration is the fraction of energy produced by wind compared with the total generation. Wind power's share of worldwide electricity usage in 2021 was almost 7%, [ 55 ] up from 3.5% in 2015.
A wind turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. As of 2020 [update] , hundreds of thousands of large turbines , in installations known as wind farms , were generating over 650 gigawatts of power, with 60 GW added each year. [ 1 ]
Wind turbine – a turbine that converts wind energy into mechanical energy. Windmill – a machine which converts the energy of wind into rotational energy by means of vanes called sails or blades. Windpump – a windmill used for pumping water, either as a source of fresh water from wells, or for draining low-lying areas of land.
Iowa is the leading state in terms of wind energy accounting for nearly 40% of total energy production in 2019. The Alta Wind Energy Center (1,020 MW) in California is the nation's largest wind farm in terms of capacity. Altamont Pass Wind Farm is the largest wind farm in the U.S. in terms of the number of individual turbines. [112]
In Denmark, wind energy met more than 40% of its electricity demand while Ireland, Portugal and Spain each met nearly 20%. [82] Globally, the long-term technical potential of wind energy is believed to be five times total current global energy production, or 40 times current electricity demand, assuming all practical barriers needed were overcome.
Wind power showed potential for replacing natural gas in electricity generation on a cost basis. By 2021 wind energy produced 4872 terawatts-hour, 2.8% of the total primary energy production [51] and 6.6% of the total electricity production. [52] Technological innovations continue to drive new developments in the application of wind power.