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In Germany, the Low Countries, Bohemia, Poland, and Italy, vernacular Bibles circulated and were widely read since the Middle Ages. Censorship measures, however, existed in England and Spain, where the official Church had to deal with what it considered erroneous “Bible-based” faith-systems.
Freedom of religion in Italy is guaranteed under the 1947 constitution of the Italian Republic.Before that religious toleration was provided for by the constitution of the Kingdom of Italy which in turn derived from the Albertine Statute granted by Carlo Alberto of the Kingdom of Sardinia to his subjects in 1848, the Year of Revolutions.
Pre-publication censorship was encouraged. [citation needed] The Index was enforceable within the Papal States, but elsewhere only if adopted by the civil powers, as happened in several Italian states. [40] Other areas adopted their own lists of forbidden books.
This is a selected list of authors and works listed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum.The Index was discontinued on June 14, 1966 by Pope Paul VI. [1] [2]A complete list of the authors and writings present in the subsequent editions of the index are listed in J. Martinez de Bujanda, Index Librorum Prohibitorum, 1600–1966, Geneva, 2002.
Religious censorship is a form of censorship where freedom of expression is controlled or limited using religious authority or on the basis of the teachings of the religion. This form of censorship has a long history and is practiced in many societies and by many religions.
University of Illinois professor Emily Knox, author of “Book Banning in 21st Century America,” discusses the recent targeting of reading material in schools and libraries.
Censorship in Italy applies to all media and print media. Many of the laws regulating freedom of the press in the modern Italian Republic come from the liberal reform promulgated by Giovanni Giolitti in 1912, which also established universal suffrage for all male citizens of the Kingdom of Italy.
Italy has officially abolished film censorship by scrapping legislation that since 1913 has allowed the government to censor scenes and ban movies such as, most famously, Pier Paolo Pasolini’s ...