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  2. Historiography of early Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography_of_early_Islam

    The historiography of early Islam is the secular scholarly literature on the early history of Islam during the 7th century, from Muhammad's first purported revelations in 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in 661, and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate, terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th ...

  3. Early Quranic manuscripts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Quranic_manuscripts

    The dating and text of early manuscripts of the Qur'an have been used as evidence in support of the traditional Islamic views and by sceptics to cast doubt on it. The high number of manuscripts and fragments present from the first 100 years after the reported canonization have made the text one ripe for academic discussion.

  4. List of Islamic texts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Islamic_texts

    This is a list of Islamic texts.The religious texts of Islam include the Quran (the central text), several previous texts (considered by Muslims to be previous revelations from Allah), including the Tawrat revealed to the prophets and messengers amongst the Children of Israel, the Zabur revealed to Dawud and the Injil (the Gospel) revealed to Isa (), and the hadith (deeds and sayings ...

  5. History of the Quran - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Quran

    According to the Muslim belief and Islamic scholarly accounts, the revelation of the Quran to the Islamic prophet Muhammad began in 610 CE when the angel Gabriel (believed to have been sent by God) appeared to Muhammad (a trader in the Western Arabian city of Mecca, which had become a sanctuary for pagan deities and an important trading center) in the cave of Hira.

  6. Historicity of Muhammad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicity_of_Muhammad

    Hardly any sīra work was compiled during the first century of Islam. Fred Donner points out that the earliest historical writings about the origins of Islam first emerged in 60-70 AH, well within the first century of Hijra (see also List of biographies of Muhammad). Furthermore, the sources now extant, dating from the second, third, and fourth ...

  7. Islamic manuscripts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Manuscripts

    Traditionally speaking in the Islamic empire, Arabic calligraphy was the common form of recording texts. Calligraphy is the practice or art of decorative handwriting. [3] The demand for calligraphy in the early stages of the Islamic empire (circa 7–8th century CE) can be attributed to a need to produce Qur'an manuscripts.

  8. Birmingham Quran manuscript - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Quran_manuscript

    The Basmala as written on the Birmingham muṣḥaf manuscript, the oldest surviving copy of the Qur'an. Rasm: "ٮسم الله الرحمں الرحىم". The Mingana Collection, comprising over 3,000 documents, was collected by Alphonse Mingana over three trips to the Middle East in the 1920s [3] and was funded by Edward Cadbury, a philanthropist and businessman of the Birmingham-based ...

  9. Canonization of Islamic scripture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonization_of_Islamic...

    Canonized Islamic scripture are texts which Muslims believe were revealed by God through various prophets throughout humanity's history—specifically the Quran and Hadith. Muslims believe the Quran to be the final revelation of God to mankind, and a completion and confirmation of previous scriptures, revealed to Muhammad between 610 and 632 CE ...