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The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet used to denote the sibilant sounds in these words are, respectively, [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ]. Sibilants have a characteristically intense sound, which accounts for their paralinguistic use in getting one's attention (e.g. calling someone using "psst!" or quieting someone using "shhhh!").
The voiceless alveolar sibilant [s] has a strong hissing sound, as the s in English sink. It is one of the most common sounds in the world. The voiceless denti-alveolar sibilant [s̄] (an ad hoc notation), also called apico-dental, has a weaker lisping sound like English th in thin. It occurs in Spanish dialects in southern Spain (eastern ...
The voiced alveolar sibilant is common across European languages, but is relatively uncommon cross-linguistically compared to the voiceless variant. Only about 28% of the world's languages contain a voiced dental or alveolar sibilant. Moreover, 85% of the languages with some form of [z] are languages of Europe, Africa, or Western Asia.
alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives [ɕ, ʑ]. Features of the voiced alveolo-palatal fricative: Its manner of articulation is sibilant fricative, which means it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a groove in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
The voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate [t͡s] is the most common type, similar to the ts in English cats. The voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate [t͡θ̠] or [t͡θ͇] , using the alveolar diacritic from the Extended IPA , is somewhat similar to the th in some pronunciations of English eighth .
alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives [ɕ, ʑ]. Features of the voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative: Its manner of articulation is sibilant fricative, which means it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a groove in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
voiced retroflex sibilant [ʐ ] Central non-sibilant fricatives. voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ] voiced bilabial fricative [β] voiceless labiodental fricative [f] voiced labiodental fricative [v] voiceless bidental fricative [h̪͆] voiceless dental fricative [θ] voiced dental fricative [ð] voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative [θ̠]
The English sounds spelled "ch" and "j" (broadly transcribed as [t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ] in the IPA), German and Italian z [t͡s] and Italian z [d͡z] are typical affricates, and sounds like these are fairly common in the world's languages, as are other affricates with similar sounds, such as those in Polish and Chinese.