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Williams' taxonomy is a hierarchical arrangement of eight creative thinking skills conceived, developed, and researched by Frank E. Williams, a researcher in educational psychology. [1] The taxonomy forms the basis of a differentiated instruction curriculum model used particularly with gifted students and in gifted education settings.
Creative education is when students are able to use imagination and critical thinking to create new and meaningful forms of ideas where they can take risks, be independent and flexible. [1] Instead of being taught to reiterate what was learned, students learn to develop their ability to find various solutions to a problem.
The five-dimensional model of creativity was the initial framework used by OECD in a four-year study in schools across eleven countries, Fostering students’ creativity and critical thinking. [ 18 ] Awards and honors
Critical thinking is the process of analyzing available facts, evidence, observations, and arguments to make sound conclusions or informed choices. It involves recognizing underlying assumptions, providing justifications for ideas and actions, evaluating these justifications through comparisons with varying perspectives, and assessing their rationality and potential consequences. [1]
Each log is a unique record of the child's thinking and learning. The logs are usually a visually oriented development of earlier established models of learning journals, which can become an integral part of the teaching and learning program and have had a major impact on their drive to develop a more independent learner.
The six thinking hats indicate problems and solutions about an idea the thinker may come up with. Similarly, "The Five Stages of Thinking" method—a set of tools corresponding to all six thinking hats—first appears in his CoRT Thinking Programme in 1973: [4]
Providing opportunities for students to debate ideas with peers may foster the development of critical thinking skills by encouraging them to consider multiple points of view. Kuhn's co-authored monograph Strategies of Knowledge Acquisition [ 15 ] explains knowledge acquisition as a process of coordinating new evidence with existing theories.
Socratic questioning (or Socratic maieutics) [1] is an educational method named after Socrates that focuses on discovering answers by asking questions of students. According to Plato, Socrates believed that "the disciplined practice of thoughtful questioning enables the scholar/student to examine ideas and be able to determine the validity of those ideas". [2]