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In the 7th century some early Muslims expected Ali to become a first caliph, successor to Muhammad.After ascension of Abu Bakr, supporters of Ali (and future Shia) continued to believe only people from Muhammad's family to qualify as rulers and selected an imam, from each generation (the proto-Sunni, in contrast, recognized Abu Bakr as a legitimate first caliph). [5]
Many Sunnis hotly dispute their minority status, (including ex-Iraqi Ambassador Faruq Ziada), [121] and many believe Shia majority is "a myth spread by America". [122] One Sunni belief shared by Jordan's King Abdullah as well as his then Defense Minister Shaalan is that Shia numbers in Iraq were inflated by Iranian Shia crossing the border. [123]
Shi'a Muslims use different books of hadith from those used by Sunni Muslims, [b] who prize the six major hadith collections.In particular, Twelver Shi'a consider many Sunni transmitters of hadith to be unreliable because many of them took the side of Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali instead of only Ali (and the rest of Muhammad's family) and the majority of them were narrated through certain ...
Both Shia and Sunni are in agreement over the two functions of prophet hood: to reveal God's law to men, and to guide men toward God. However, while Sunnis believe that both have come to an end with the death of Muhammad, Shia believe that whereas legislation ended, the function of guiding and "explaining divine law continued through the line ...
Iran, formerly of Sunni majority region underwent a process of forced conversion to Shia Islam under the Saffavids between the 16th and 18th century. The process also ensured the dominance of the Twelver sect within Shiism over the Zaidiyyah and sects of Isma'ilism in the modern day. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Justanids (791–974 CE) — Zaidi; Alavids (864–929 CE ... Al-Muntafiq Union (1530-1918) It was a Shiite-Sunni confederation that included tribes in southern and ...
' leader ' or ' master '), [5] whose function in Sunni Islam is to implement the divine law and manage the community affairs. [6] In this sense, imam is synonymous to caliph in Sunni Islam as the highest temporal authority, [7] but this authority is limited and mundane. [8] In Shia Islam, the figure of imam dominates the belief system. [9]
While the Imamis considered Sunnis as infidels, their early imams were politically quietist, accepting the rule of the Umayyad and later the Abbasid Caliphate. The Zaydis on the other hand adopted a more moderate religious position closer to Sunni beliefs, but were political radicals, with rebellion against illegitimate Umayyad and Abbasid ...