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2. Cardiac surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_surgery

   Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons.It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, [1] and ...

3. Coronary artery bypass surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery

   Coronary artery bypass surgery aims to prevent death from coronary artery disease and improve quality of life by relieving angina, the associated feeling of chest pain. [1] The decision to perform surgery is informed by studies of CABG's efficacy in different patient subgroups, based on the lesions' anatomy or how well the heart is functioning.

4. Cardiothoracic surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiothoracic_surgery

   A new form of heart surgery that has grown in popularity is robot-assisted heart surgery. This is where a machine is used to perform surgery while being controlled by the heart surgeon. The main advantage to this is the size of the incision made in the patient.

5. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_invasive_cardiac...

   [1] [2] MICS CABG (Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery/Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting) or the McGinn technique is heart surgery performed through several small incisions instead of the traditional open-heart surgery that requires a median sternotomy approach, and can be performed in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. [3]

6. Heart transplantation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_transplantation

   A beating heart awaiting transplant. American medical researcher Simon Flexner was one of the first people to mention the possibility of heart transplantation. In 1907, he wrote the paper "Tendencies in Pathology," in which he said that it would be possible one day by surgery to replace diseased human organs – including arteries, stomach, kidneys and heart.

7. Robotic surgery is evolving. Here's what that means for patients.

   www.aol.com/robotic-surgery-evolving-heres-means...

   Surgery is gradually becoming more mechanized. In 1985, doctors used the PUMA system to perform neurosurgical biopsies, taking samples of peoples' brains so doctors could study tumors—an ...