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Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania [transilˈvani.a] or Ardeal; or Hungarian: Erdély; German: Siebenbürgen [ˌziːbm̩ˈbʏʁɡn̩] ⓘ or Transsilvanien, historically Überwald; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania.
Classifications made until the late 19th century included a Transylvanian dialect, [1] but as soon as detailed language facts became available, in the early 20th century, that view was abandoned. In 1908, Gustav Weigand used phonetic differences and reached the conclusion that the Romanian in Transylvania was a mosaic of transition varieties. [2]
While Romanian is the only official language at the national and local level, there are over 30 living languages identified as being spoken within Romania (5 of these are indigenous). [7] The Romanian laws include linguistic rights for all minority groups that form over 20% of a locality's population based on the census from 1992.
The official language is Romanian, a Romance language (the most widely spoken of the Eastern Romance branch), which presents a consistent degree of similarity to Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, and Istro-Romanian, but shares many features equally with the rest of the Western Romance languages, specifically Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and ...
German-language map depicting, in yellow, the areas where Transylvanian Saxons had settled in Transylvania, Romania, during the passing of time, and, consequently, where the Transylvanian Saxon dialect has been traditionally spoken as well.
The Romanian dialects (Romanian: subdialecte or graiuri) are the several regional varieties of the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian).The dialects are divided into two types, northern and southern, but further subdivisions are less clear, so the number of dialects varies between two and occasionally twenty.
Over half of the Roma (approx. 61%) speak Romanian as their native language, the rest (around 8-9%) speaking the Hungarian language. [76] Both the Roma and the Romanian languages are of the Indo-European language family, while the Hungarian is a Uralic one.
With an area of 238,397 km 2 (92,046 sq mi), Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe.It is a country located at the crossroads of Eastern and Southeast Europe. It is bordered on the Black Sea, the country is halfway between the equator and the North Pole and equidistant from the westernmost part of Europe—the Atlantic Coast—and the most easterly—the Ural Mountains.