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The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) is a standard means for comparing academic credits, i.e., the "volume of learning based on the defined learning outcomes and their associated workload" for higher education across the European Union and other collaborating European countries. [1]
The ECTS grading scale is a grading system for higher education institutions defined in the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) framework by the European Commission. Since many grading systems co-exist in Europe and, considering that interpretation of grades varies considerably from one country to another, if not from one ...
A transcript is sometimes referred to as a marksheet, marklist or report card. [1] In the United States, a transcript is also called Cumulative Record File (CRF), permanent record, or simply record. In the European ECTS system, transcripts are called Transcript of Records (ToR).
To obtain a three-year degree (laurea triennale), 180 ECTS are required; for the master's degree (laurea magistrale) 120 (while the previously called "specialist degree" consisted of 300 training credits including those recognized at entry and those recovered relating to any training debts).
ECTS may refer to: Engine coolant temperature sensor; European Computer Trade Show; European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System, a higher education standard
A full-time year of higher education takes between 800 and 1200 instruction-hours in Brazil, which would be equivalent to 50-80 US credits and 60 European ECTS. In Uruguay 's University of the Republic , a credit stands for 15 hours of work, [ 8 ] including classes, personally studying and task activities.
The ECTS system was implemented at Norway's universities and colleges in the early 2000s, with most schools having converted to ECTS by 2003. Before 2003, the formerly most common system of grades used at the university level was based on a scale running from 1.0 (highest) through 6.0 (lowest), with 4.0 being the lowest passing grade.
The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) scale is gaining popularity in the post-secondary education system [citation needed], since it is the standard for comparing study performance throughout the European Union. The GPA grading scale is becoming more and more common as well since it eases the comparison with American students.