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During the Killian documents controversy in 2004, the authenticity of the documents themselves was disputed by a variety of individuals and groups. Proof of authenticity is not possible without original documents, and since CBS used only faxed and photocopied duplicates, authentication to professional standards would be impossible regardless of the provenance of the originals.
The rule specifies that secondary evidence, such as a copy or facsimile, will be not admissible if an original document exists and can be obtained. [1] The rule has its roots in 18th-century British law, [ 2 ] at a time when copies would be rewritten by hand and hence more vulnerable to inaccuracies.
It has been argued that this change of format may mean digital evidence does not qualify under the "best evidence rule". [4] However, the "Federal Rules of Evidence" rule 1001(3) states "if data are stored in a computer…, any printout or other output readable by sight, shown to reflect the data accurately, is an ‘original.’" [11]
Section 21(2) made it an offence to fail to comply with the notification regulations made by the Secretary of State [20] (proposed by the Information Commissioner under section 25 of the Act). [21] Section 55 made the acquisition of personal data unlawful, and made the acquisition of unauthorised access to personal data an offence for people ...
In the United States, the rule was adopted by the Supreme Court in Field v. Clark, 143 U.S. 649 (1892). In effect, the court ruled that the enrolled bill signed by the presiding officers of the two houses of Congress was the best evidence of what had been passed, being on balance better evidence than the journals of the respective houses, so it should not be called into question.
Barack Obama's birth certificate on security paper.. Security paper is a paper used in security printing that incorporates features that can be used to identify or authenticate a document as original, e.g., watermarks or invisible fibres in paper, or features that demonstrate tamper evidence when fraud is attempted, e.g., to remove or alter print such as amounts or signatures on a cheque.
The Full Faith and Credit Clause has been applied to orders of protection, for which the clause was invoked by the Violence Against Women Act, and child support, for which the enforcement of the clause was spelled out in the Federal Full Faith and Credit for Child Support Orders Act (28 U.S.C. § 1738B).
A certified copy is a copy (often a photocopy) of a primary document that has on it an endorsement or certificate that it is a true copy of the primary document. It does not certify that the primary document is genuine, only that it is a true copy of the primary document.