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The pulse tube refrigerator (PTR) or pulse tube cryocooler is a developing technology that emerged largely in the early 1980s with a series of other innovations in the broader field of thermoacoustics.
From left to right it consists of: a piston which moves back and forth; a heat exchanger X 1 (after cooler) where heat is released at room temperature (T a) to the environment; a regenerator; a heat exchanger X L at low temperature (T L) where heat is absorbed from the application; a tube, often called the pulse tube; a heat exchanger X 3 to ...
Schematic diagram of a cryogen-free, or dry, dilution refrigerator precooled by a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator, indicated by the dotted rectangle. A 3 He/ 4 He dilution refrigerator is a cryogenic device that provides continuous cooling to temperatures as low as 2 mK, with no moving parts in the low-temperature region.
A model of a four-phase Stirling cycle. Most thermodynamics textbooks describe a highly simplified form of Stirling cycle consisting of four processes. This is known as an "ideal Stirling cycle", because it is an "idealized" model, and not necessarily an optimized cycle.
Cryogenic cooling of devices and material is usually achieved via the use of liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, or a mechanical cryocooler (which uses high-pressure helium lines). Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers, pulse tube cryocoolers and Stirling cryocoolers are in wide use with selection based on required base temperature and cooling capacity. The ...
He was involved in the design, analysis, and testing of pulse tube cryocoolers, focusing on improving their performance and reliability. [10] His notable projects include work on the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) cryocooler for the James Webb Space Telescope , which has been crucial for cooling infrared detectors to very low temperatures in ...
1983 – Orifice-type pulse tube refrigerator invented by Mikulin, Tarasov, and Shkrebyonock; 1986 – Karl Alexander Müller and J. Georg Bednorz discover high-temperature superconductivity; 1995 – Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman create the first [17] Bose–Einstein condensate, using a dilute gas of Rubidium-87 cooled to 170 nK. They won the ...
A major achievement was the use of plastic parts made in the laboratory, which would be assembled in a totally non-magnetic cryocooler (refrigerator), in order not to interfere with highly sensitive SQUIDs.. Later, he was also involved in the development of pulse tube cryocoolers.
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