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The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change manages and guidelines for the protection of the Coral reefs in India. If the Coral reef region is under a protected area then it comes under the jurisdiction of the State Wild life department. [1] The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) notification of 1991 gives protection to all marine resources.
The Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is a protected area of India consisting of 21 small islands and adjacent coral reefs in the Gulf of Mannar in the Indian Ocean.It lies 1 to 10 km away from the east coast of Tamil Nadu, India for 160 km between Thoothukudi (Tuticorin) and Dhanushkodi.
A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. [1] Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups. Coral belongs to the class Anthozoa in the animal phylum Cnidaria, which includes sea anemones and ...
Netrani is a coral island whose reefs [3] teem with many varieties of butterfly fish, trigger fish, parrot fish, eel and shrimp.Divers have also reported seeing orcas [citation needed] and whale sharks around the island.
In May 2019, The National Centre for Coastal Research, an institute under the Ministry of Earth Sciences of India, which has a field research station in the Gulf of Mannar region, found an alarming pattern of bleaching in the reefs in Mandapam, Kilakarai and Palk Bay. Researchers observed a pattern of bleaching in corals when the temperatures ...
The park is home to more than 40 species of sponges, 40 species of hard coral and 10 species of soft coral. [2] A sea slug on the sea floor rock. As the sea recedes, the sea creatures are exposed to the harsh sunlight before they retreat to deeper waters or take cover under rocks. The western reef heron (dark morphed) on the prowl.
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It is a coral reef. The depth may vary; at some points, the water is 23 metres (75 ft) deep, and at other points, the seafloor can be 400 metres (1,300 ft) below sea level. The bottom is composed of sand, shells, and coral. The bank is steep-to on all sides, with great depths surrounding it. [2]