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However, absolute instruments are somewhat larger and significantly more expensive than relative spring gravimeters and are thus relatively rare. Relative gravimeter usually refer to comparisons of gravity from one place to another. They are designed to subtract the average vertical gravity automatically.
James E. Faller (January 17, 1934 – June 14, 2023) was an American physicist and inventor who specialized in the field of gravity.He conceived the Lunar Laser Ranging Program, the goal of which, was to fire high powered laser beams at special retroreflectors placed on the Moon by Apollo program Astronauts.
Gravimeter with variant of Repsold pendulum The large increase in gravity measurement accuracy made possible by Kater's pendulum established gravimetry as a regular part of geodesy . To be useful, it was necessary to find the exact location (latitude and longitude) of the 'station' where a gravity measurement was taken, so pendulum measurements ...
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LaCoste's most famous invention is the ship- and aircraft-mounted gravimeter. These revolutionized exploration for minerals by allowing wide-ranging geological surveys. The chief problem that Lacoste defeated was to distinguish the accelerations of the vehicles from the accelerations due to gravity, and measure the minute changes in gravity.
Variations in the gravity field of the Moon, from NASA Gravity measurement devices, pendulum (left) and absolute gravimeter (right) A relative gravimeter. The reference surface (level) used to determine height differences and height reference systems is known as mean sea level.
The Lunar Traverse Gravimeter was a lunar science experiment, deployed by astronauts on the lunar surface in 1972 as part of Apollo 17.The goal of the experiment was to use relative gravity measurements to infer potential attributes about the geological substrata near the Apollo 17 landing site.
The laser's pattern of interference fringes—the dark and light bands above—blooms at an ever-faster rate as a free-falling corner reflector drops inside an absolute gravimeter. The pattern's frequency sweep is timed by an atomic clock.