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In the early 21st century, Peruvian archaeologist Ruth Shady established Caral–Supe as the oldest known civilization in the Americas. The civilization flourished near the Pacific coast in the valleys of three small rivers, the Fortaleza, the Pativilca, and the Supe. These river valleys each have large clusters of sites.
The ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia were the oldest civilization in the world, beginning about 4000 BCE.. A civilization (also spelled civilisation in British English) is any complex society characterized by the development of the state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or spoken languages (namely, writing systems and graphic arts).
The ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia were the oldest civilization in the world, beginning about 4000 BCE. Ancient Egypt is an example of an early culture civilization. [1]A civilization (also spelled civilisation in British English) is any complex society characterized by the development of the state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or ...
An early very important development that allowed for further advancement was writing, which allowed humans to record information for later use. [220] The characteristics of ancient Egyptian technology are indicated by a set of artifacts and customs that lasted for thousands of years. The Egyptians invented and used many basic machines, such as ...
The Bronze Age saw the development of cities and civilizations. [64] Early civilizations arose close to rivers, first in Mesopotamia (3300 BCE) with the Tigris and Euphrates, [65] followed by the Egyptian civilization along the Nile River (3200 BCE), [66] the Norte Chico civilization in coastal Peru (3100 BCE), [67] the Indus Valley ...
In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilisation, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and keep historical records, with their neighbours following. Most other civilizations reached their end of prehistory during the following Iron Age.
Each civilization had its own myths and legends. The state entities were born later. In ancient times, religious myths were used to strengthen monarchy. The ruler of Babylon Hammurabi claimed to be "descendants of Moon God", and the ancient Egyptian Pharaoh claimed to be "the son of Sun God", and the Chinese monarch claimed to be the "Son of ...
Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, [1] is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD [note 1] comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin.