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Matriarchy is a social system in which positions of dominance without violence and privilege are held by women. In a broader sense it can also extend to moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. While those definitions apply in general English, definitions specific to anthropology and feminism differ in some respects. [1] [2]
A matriarchal religion is a religion that emphasizes a goddess or multiple goddesses as central figures of worship and spiritual authority. The term is most often used to refer to theories of prehistoric matriarchal religions that were proposed by scholars such as Johann Jakob Bachofen , Jane Ellen Harrison , and Marija Gimbutas , and later ...
Greek: Europe: various islands Matrilocal John Hawkins: to the end of the 18th century AD [7] Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) North America: United States, Canada: Matrilocal Matrilineal Lewis Henry Morgan: 1901 Hopi: North America: United States: Matrilocal Matrilineal Barbara Freire-Marreco: 1914 Huaorani [citation needed] South America: Ecuador ...
The language of administration shifted to Mycenaean Greek and material culture shows increased mainland influence, reflecting the rise of a Greek-speaking elite. [ 27 ] [ 30 ] In Late Minoan IIIC (c. 1200-1075 BC), coinciding with the wider Late Bronze Age collapse , coastal settlements were abandoned in favor of defensible locations on higher ...
There has been considerable scholarship, reaching back to Johann Jakob Bachofen in the mid-nineteenth century, [89] about the possibility that Hera, whose early importance in Greek religion is firmly established, was originally the goddess of a matriarchal people, presumably inhabiting Greece before the Hellenes.
Sparta is one of only three states in ancient Greece, along with Athens and Gortyn, for which any detailed information about the role of women survives. [4] This evidence is mostly from the Classical period and later, but many of the laws and customs we know of probably date back to the Archaic period. [4]
During the past decades, the position of women in Greek society has changed dramatically. Efharis Petridou was the first female lawyer in Greece; in 1925 she joined the Athens Bar Association. [76] [77] The women of Greece won the right to vote in 1952. In 1955, women were first allowed to become judges in Greece.
Graves posited that Greece had been settled by a matriarchal goddess-worshipping people before being invaded by successive waves of patriarchal Indo-European speakers from the north. Much of Greek myth in his view recorded the consequent religious political and social accommodations until the final triumph of patriarchy.