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Neonatal jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin levels. [1] Other symptoms may include excess sleepiness or poor feeding. [1] Complications may include seizures, cerebral palsy, or kernicterus. [1] In most of cases there is no specific underlying physiologic disorder. [2]
Transient neonatal jaundice is one of the most common conditions occurring in newborns (children under 28 days of age) with more than 80 per cent experienceing jaundice during their first week of life. [53] Jaundice in infants, as in adults, is characterized by increased bilirubin levels (infants: total serum bilirubin greater than 5 mg/dL).
Crigler–Najjar syndrome is a rare inherited disorder affecting the metabolism of bilirubin, a chemical formed from the breakdown of the heme in red blood cells. The disorder results in a form of nonhemolytic jaundice, which results in high levels of unconjugated bilirubin and often leads to brain damage in infants.
Clinically, jaundice or dark urine present in approximately one-third of the cases, and most of the symptoms are related to anemia. [5] Other less commonly observed causes of hemolysis include: Hemolysis secondary to drug toxicity [15] Thalassemia minor [16] Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia [17]
From November 1995 to November 1996 in France, a national survey of pediatric departments for children under 15 years of age with unexplained encephalopathy and a threefold (or greater) increase in serum aminotransferase and/or ammonia led to the identification of nine definite cases of Reye syndrome (0.79 cases per million children). Eight of ...
Around 80 to 99% of people with Dubin–Johnson syndrome have jaundice, [3] [4] abnormal urinary color, biliary tract abnormality, and conjugated bilirubinemia. [4] Around 30 to 79% of people with the disorder have abnormality of the gastric mucosa. [4] Other rare symptoms include fever and fatigue. [3]
Liver transplantation is an option for those children whose liver function and symptoms fail to respond to a Kasai operation. [citation needed] Recent large-scale studies by Davenport et al. (Annals of Surgery, 2008) show that the age of the patient is not an absolute clinical factor affecting prognosis. The influence of age differs according ...
Kernicterus is a bilirubin-induced brain dysfunction. [1] The term was coined in 1904 by Christian Georg Schmorl.Bilirubin is a naturally occurring substance in the body of humans and many other animals, but it is neurotoxic when its concentration in the blood is too high, a condition known as hyperbilirubinemia.