Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Pascal's law (also Pascal's principle [1] [2] [3] or the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure) is a principle in fluid mechanics given by Blaise Pascal that states that a pressure change at any point in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere. [4]
Flux F through a surface, dS is the differential vector area element, n is the unit normal to the surface. Left: No flux passes in the surface, the maximum amount flows normal to the surface.
Pascal made contributions to developments in both hydrostatics and hydrodynamics. Pascal's Law is a fundamental principle of fluid mechanics that states that any pressure applied to the surface of a fluid is transmitted uniformly throughout the fluid in all directions, in such a way that initial variations in pressure are not changed.
q is the dynamic pressure in pascals (i.e., N/m 2, ρ (Greek letter rho) is the fluid mass density (e.g. in kg/m 3), and; u is the flow speed in m/s. It can be thought of as the fluid's kinetic energy per unit volume. For incompressible flow, the dynamic pressure of a fluid is the difference between its total pressure and static pressure.
The concepts of fluid pressure are predominantly attributed to the discoveries of Blaise Pascal and Daniel Bernoulli. Bernoulli's equation can be used in almost any situation to determine the pressure at any point in a fluid. The equation makes some assumptions about the fluid, such as the fluid being ideal [17] and incompressible. [17]
In fluid mechanics the term static pressure refers to a term in Bernoulli's equation written words as static pressure + dynamic pressure = total pressure. Since pressure measurements at any single point in a fluid always give the static pressure value, the 'static' is often dropped.
Vapor pressure is measured in the standard units of pressure. The International System of Units (SI) recognizes pressure as a derived unit with the dimension of force per area and designates the pascal (Pa) as its standard unit. [1] One pascal is one newton per square meter (N·m −2 or kg·m −1 ·s −2).
Eq.2b is a fundamental equation for most of discrete models. The equation can be solved by recurrence and iteration method for a manifold. It is clear that Eq.2a is limiting case of Eq.2b when ∆X → 0. Eq.2a is simplified to Eq.1 Bernoulli equation without the potential energy term when β=1 whilst Eq.2 is simplified to Kee's model [6] when β=0