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The degree to which the Christians and the Jews were tolerated by their Muslim rulers is a subject widely contested among historians. The history of Al-Andalus indicates that Muslims, Christians, and Jews who lived within Al-Andalus had relatively peaceful relations, with the exception of a few scattered revolts, and times of religious persecution.
Isabella cultivated a court consisting of important women known by their contemporaries as "puellae doctae" (learned girls). [108] Queen Isabella of Castile made Catalina de Medrano y Bravo de Lagunas her lady-in-waiting in 1497 and shortly after became the patron and protector of the first female professor in Europe, Luisa de Medrano . [ 109 ]
741 – The 10,000 survivors of Kulthum's force arrive in Iberia under a new leader, Talaba ibn Salama. 742 – Internal conflict in Al-Andalus continues for the next 4 years. 755 – Abd ar-Rahman I of the Umayyad dynasty flees to Iberia to escape the Abbasids. 756 – Abd ar-Rahman I defeats Yusuf al-Fihri outside Córdoba.
The league served as a national alternative to the US-dominated Inter-American Commission of Women (IACW) of the Pan-American Union into the 1930s. [2] In 1931, The Nicaraguan Feminist League was founded, as an affiliate of the International League, its first President being Doña Angélica Balladares Montealegre de Arguello (b. Chinandega ...
The status of women in Spain has evolved from the country's earliest history, culture, and social norms. Throughout the late 20th century, Spain has undergone a transition from Francoist Spain (1939-1975), during which women's rights were severely restricted, to a democratic society where gender equality is a fundamental principle.
Most women seeking employment outside their homes worked in the homes of the more affluent in the country. [7] These jobs paid so little that female workers often struggled to earn enough to feed themselves. [7] When women were involved in factory work in this period, they were often paid half the wage of their male counterparts.
In 1126, a great number of Mozarabs were expelled to North Africa by the Almoravids. Other Mozarabs fled to Northern Iberia. This constituted the end of the Mozarabic culture in Al-Andalus. For a while, both in North Africa and in Northern Iberia, the Mozarabs managed to maintain their own separate cultural identity.
The victory over the Muslims in Granada allowed Ferdinand to involve himself in policy outside the Iberian peninsula. [ 18 ] The diplomatic initiative of King Ferdinand continued the historical policy of the Crown of Aragon, with its interests set in the Mediterranean, with interests in Italy and sought conquests in North Africa.