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Hyoscine butylbromide, also known as scopolamine butylbromide [4] and sold under the brandname Buscopan among others, [5] is an anticholinergic medication used to treat abdominal pain, esophageal spasms, bladder spasms, biliary colic, [6] and renal colic. [7] [8] It is also used to improve excessive respiratory secretions at the end of life. [9]
Hyoscyamine (also known as daturine or duboisine) is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid and plant toxin. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the family Solanaceae , including henbane , mandrake , angel's trumpets , jimsonweed , the sorcerers' tree , and Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade).
Physostigmine, a cholinergic drug that readily crosses the blood–brain barrier, has been used as an antidote to treat the central nervous system depression symptoms of a scopolamine overdose. [33] Other than this supportive treatment , gastric lavage and induced emesis (vomiting) are usually recommended as treatments for oral overdoses. [ 32 ]
Medications are a common treatment option for people with overactive bladder syndrome. A number of antimuscarinic drugs (e.g., darifenacin, hyoscyamine, oxybutynin, tolterodine, solifenacin, trospium, fesoterodine) are frequently used to treat overactive bladder. [17] Long term use, however, has been linked to dementia.
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Both dicyclomine and hyoscyamine are antispasmodic due to their anticholinergic action. [medical citation needed] Both of these drugs have side effects common to anticholinergics and can worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [2] Papaverine is an opium alkaloid used to treat visceral spasms, particularly those of the intestines. [3]
Atropine, a tropane alkaloid, is an enantiomeric mixture of d-hyoscyamine and l-hyoscyamine [35], with most of its physiological effects due to l-hyoscyamine, the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine. Its pharmacological effects are due to binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. It is an antimuscarinic agent.
The toxic berry of Atropa belladonna which contains the tropane deliriants scopolamine, atropine, and hyoscyamine.. Deliriants are a subclass of hallucinogen.The term was coined in the early 1980s to distinguish these drugs from psychedelics such as LSD and dissociatives such as ketamine, due to their primary effect of causing delirium, as opposed to the more lucid (i.e. rational thought is ...