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One commonly used film is a heat-shrink plastic which is attached to the window frame using double-sided pressure-sensitive tape. A hair dryer is used to remove creases and improve optical clarity. Reduced heat flow also helps prevent condensation [3] [4] [5] which is triggered when the temperature of the inside surface falls below the dew point.
Methods have been proposed to potentially enhance cooling performance. One 2022 study proposed using a "full-spectrum synergetic management (FSSM) strategy to cool solar cells, which combines radiative cooling and spectral splitting to enhance radiative heat dissipation and reduce the waste heat generated by the absorption of sub-BG photons." [90]
The ceramic and metallic window films usually cost 50-100+ percent more than regular window film but they can reduce energy transmission by as much as 80 percent. [4] Ceramic window films cost slightly more but provide a substantial increase by reflecting and absorbing infrared radiation (IR or radiant heat).
Window insulation reduces heat transfer from one side of a window to the other. The U-value is used to refer to the amount of heat that can pass through a window, called thermal transmittance, with a lower score being better. [1] The U-factor of a window can often be found on the rating label of the window.
Window insulation film can be applied in weatherization applications to reduce incoming thermal radiation in summer and loss in winter. When well insulated, a building is: energy efficient and cheaper to keep warm in the winter, or cool in the summer. Energy efficiency will lead to a reduced carbon footprint.
Some smart windows can self-adapt to heat or cool for energy conservation in buildings. [5] [6] [7] Smart windows can eliminate the need for blinds, shades or window treatments. [8] Some effects can be obtained by laminating smart film or switchable film onto flat surfaces using glass, acrylic or polycarbonate laminates. [9]
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