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With the waning of the Space Race, concluded by cooperation in human spaceflight, focus shifted in the 1970s further to space exploration and telerobotics, having a range of achievements and technological advances. [72] Space exploration meant by then also an engagement by governments in the search for extraterrestrial life.
Replica of the Vostok space capsule, which carried the first human into orbit, at Technik Museum Speyer Mercury space capsule, which carried the first Americans into orbit, on display at the Astronaut Hall of Fame, Titusville, Florida North American X-15, hypersonic rocket-powered aircraft, which reached the edge of space Neil Armstrong, one of the first two people to land on the Moon and the ...
Space exploration also gives scientists the ability to perform experiments in other settings and expand humanity's knowledge. [67] Another claim is that space exploration is a necessity to humankind and that staying on Earth will eventually lead to extinction. Some of the reasons are lack of natural resources, comets, nuclear war, and worldwide ...
The first space rendezvous was accomplished by Gemini 6A and Gemini 7 in 1965.. Records and firsts in spaceflight are broadly divided into crewed and uncrewed categories. Records involving animal spaceflight have also been noted in earlier experimental flights, typically to establish the feasibility of sending humans to outer space.
Human spaceflight is distinguished from spaceflight generally, which entails both crewed and uncrewed spacecraft. There are two definitions of spaceflight. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), an international record-keeping body, defines the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space at 100 kilometres (62 mi) above sea ...
Copenhagen Suborbitals is an amateur crowd-funded, human space programme. Since its beginning in 2008, Copenhagen Suborbitals has flown five home-built rockets and two mock-up space capsules. Their stated goal is to have one of the members fly into space (above 100 km), on a sub-orbital spaceflight, in a space capsule on the Spica rocket.
Japan's space agency, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, is a major space player in Asia. While not maintaining a commercial launch service, Japan has deployed a module in the ISS and operates an uncrewed cargo spacecraft, the H-II Transfer Vehicle. [citation needed] JAXA has plans to launch a Mars fly-by probe.
First human-piloted space flight (Alan Shepard). First human-crewed suborbital flight. USA Freedom 7: 19 May 1961: First planetary flyby (within 100,000 km of Venus – no data returned). USSR Venera 1: 6 August 1961: First crewed space flight lasting over twenty four hours by Gherman Titov, who is also the first to suffer from space sickness ...