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Other causes can include aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, [9] postencephalitic Parkinson's, Tourette's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, neurosyphilis, head trauma, bilateral thalamic infarction, lesions of the fourth ventricle, cystic glioma of the third ventricle, herpes encephalitis, kernicterus and juvenile Parkinson's disease.
A migrainous infarction is a rare type of ischaemic stroke which occurs in correspondence with migraine aura symptoms. [1] Symptoms include headaches, visual disturbances, strange sensations and dysphasia, all of which gradually worsen causing neurological changes which ultimately increase the risk of an ischaemic stroke. [2]
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), also known as hemorrhagic stroke, is a sudden bleeding into the tissues of the brain (i.e. the parenchyma), into its ventricles, or into both. [3] [4] [1] An ICH is a type of bleeding within the skull and one kind of stroke (ischemic stroke being the other).
Hemorrhagic transformation is a process which involves the bleeding of brain tissue that has been affected by the stroke and can take two forms: petechial hemorrhage and parenchymal hemorrhage. [1] HT can lead to further damage to the brain tissue and worsen the outcome of the initial stroke.
As of 2014, no treatment strategy has yet been investigated in a randomized clinical trial. [1] Verapamil, nimodipine, and other calcium channel blockers may help reduce the intensity and frequency of the headaches. [1] A clinician may recommend rest and the avoidance of activities or vasoactive drugs which trigger symptoms (see § Causes). [1]
Ocular flutter is an opsoclonic disorder that results in horizontal saccades. [ 1 ] It is caused by damage to the brainstem paramedian pontine reticular formation cells or the cerebellar neurons controlling those cells.
Treatment includes a healthy diet, salt restriction, and exercise. [2] The medication acetazolamide may also be used along with the above measures. [2] A small percentage of people may require surgery to relieve the pressure. [2] About 2 per 100,000 people are newly affected per year. [4] The condition most commonly affects women aged 20–50. [2]
The cause of IVH in premature infants, unlike that in older infants, children or adults, is rarely due to trauma. Instead it is thought to result from changes in perfusion of the delicate cellular structures that are present in the growing brain, augmented by the immaturity of the cerebral circulatory system, which is especially vulnerable to ...