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The foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, which fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Only the emperors who were recognized as legitimate rulers and exercised sovereign authority are included, to the exclusion of junior co-emperors (symbasileis) who never attained the status of sole or senior ruler, as well as of the various usurpers ...
The Byzantine Empire was a monarchy, and as in many other monarchies, the royal system allowed for women to participate in politics as monarchs in their own name or as regents in place of a husband or son. Many royal women are known to have participated in politics during the centuries.
Given that there were sometimes more than one concurrent Roman emperor, there were also sometimes two or more concurrent Roman empresses. For most of the period from 286 to 480, the Roman Empire, though remaining a single polity, was administratively divided into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire. Through most of this period ...
15th-century Byzantine women (2 C, 13 P) E. Byzantine empresses by century (11 C)
Byzantine female saints (1 C, 20 P) C. Consorts of Epirus (9 P) D. Daughters of Byzantine emperors (1 C, 50 P) E. ... Greek women of the Byzantine Empire (17 P) M.
She was the last sovereign of the Macedonian dynasty, that ruled the Byzantine Empire for almost 200 years. Theodora was the youngest daughter of Emperor Constantine VIII . After Theodora's father died in 1028, her older sister Zoë co-ruled with her husbands Romanos III and Michael IV , kept Theodora closely watched.
Map of the Byzantine Empire in 842, at the start of Theodora's reign. In order to demonstrate that Orthodoxy, just as well as Iconoclasm, could win victories for the empire, Theodora later in 853 organized an expedition to retake the island of Crete, lost some decades prior to Arab conquerors.
Zoe Porphyrogenita (also spelled Zoë; Greek: Ζωή Πορφυρογέννητη, Medieval Greek: "life"; c. 978 – 1050) was a member of the Macedonian dynasty who briefly reigned as Byzantine empress in 1042, alongside her sister Theodora.