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He compiled the encyclopedic Sirr al-Asrar, or the Book of the Science of Government: On the Good Ordering of Statecraft, which became known to the Latin-speaking medieval world as Secretum Secretorum ("[The Book of] the Secret of Secrets") in a mid-12th century translation; it treated a wide range of topics, including statecraft, ethics ...
Gerard was born in Cremona in northern Italy. Dissatisfied with the philosophies of his Italian teachers, Gerard went to Toledo. There he learned Arabic, initially so that he could read Ptolemy's Almagest, [3] which had a traditionally high reputation among scholars, but which, before his departure to Castile, was not yet known in Latin translation.
Various recipes and other medical texts were added to the front (folios Ir-IIv) and back (folios 87v-89r) of the manuscript in 12th and 13th century. Exemplar(s) This codex is in large parts a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-Malaki (Royal Book) of Ali ibn al-Abbas al-Majusi (Ali Abbas, died after 977). Discovered
Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (Arabic: حي بن يقظان, lit. 'Alive son of Awake'; also known as Hai Eb'n Yockdan [1]) is an Arabic philosophical novel and an allegorical tale written by Ibn Tufail (c. 1105 – 1185) in the early 12th century in al-Andalus. [2]
In the 12th century, the Arab Ja'alin tribe migrated into Nubia and Sudan and gradually occupied the regions on both banks of the Nile from Khartoum to Abu Hamad. They trace their lineage to Abbas, uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. They are of Arab origin, but now of mixed blood mostly with Northern Sudanese and Nubians.
Aʿazzu Mā Yuṭlab (Arabic: أعز ما يُطلب, lit. ' The Dearest Quest '), also known as al-ʿAqīda ( العقيدة , lit. ' The Creed ' ), [ 1 ] is a 12th-century book containing the teachings of Ibn Tumart , self-proclaimed mahdi and founder of the Almohad Caliphate . [ 2 ]
This Arabic version was the source for the Latin translation De Animalibus by Michael Scot [1] in Toledo before 1217. [2] Several complete manuscript versions exist in Leiden, London, and Tehran , [ 3 ] but the text has been edited in separate volumes corresponding to the three Aristotelian sources.
The first was led by Archbishop Raymond of Toledo in the 12th century, who promoted the translation of philosophical and religious works, mainly from classical Arabic into medieval Latin. Under King Alfonso X of Castile during the 13th century, the translators no longer worked with Latin as the final language, but translated into Old Spanish .