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The alcohol is protonated, the H 2 O group formed leaves, forming a carbocation, and the nucleophile Cl − (which is present in excess) readily attacks the carbocation, forming the chloroalkane. Tertiary alcohols react immediately with Lucas reagent as evidenced by turbidity owing to the low solubility of the organic chloride in the aqueous ...
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
Similar reactions are the basis of industrial routes from methanol and ethanol respectively to methyl chloride and ethyl chloride. [40] In alkali solution, zinc chloride converts to various zinc hydroxychlorides. These include [Zn(OH) 3 Cl] 2−, [Zn(OH) 2 Cl 2] 2−, [Zn(OH)Cl 3] 2−, and the insoluble Zn 5 (OH) 8 Cl 2 ·H 2 O.
Zinc chloride hydroxide monohydrate or more accurately pentazinc dichloride octahydroxide monohydrate is a zinc hydroxy compound with chemical formula Zn 5 (O H) 8 Cl 2 ·H 2 O.It is often referred to as tetrabasic zinc chloride (TBZC), basic zinc chloride, zinc hydroxychloride, or zinc oxychloride.
The reaction proceeds through generation of an acylium center. The reaction is completed by deprotonation of the arenium ion by AlCl 4 −, regenerating the AlCl 3 catalyst. However, in contrast to the truly catalytic alkylation reaction, the formed ketone is a moderate Lewis base, which forms a complex with the strong Lewis acid aluminum ...
The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks. The suffix -ol appears in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the ...
The Gattermann reaction (also known as the Gattermann formylation and the Gattermann salicylaldehyde synthesis) is a chemical reaction in which aromatic compounds are formylated by a mixture of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminium chloride (AlCl 3). [1]
Zinc hydroxide Zn() 2 is an inorganic chemical compound.It also occurs naturally as 3 rare minerals: wülfingite (orthorhombic), ashoverite and sweetite (both tetragonal). Like the hydroxides of other metals, such as lead, aluminium, beryllium, tin and chromium, Zinc hydroxide (and Zinc oxide), is amphoteric.