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India's Chandrayaan-3 (2023) became the first lunar mission to achieve a soft landing near the lunar south pole. On August 23, 2023 12:34 UTC, India's Chandrayaan-3 became the first lunar mission to achieve a soft landing near the lunar south pole. The mission consisted of a lander and a rover for carrying out scientific experiments.
near a named feature Lunar coordinates Illuminated time fraction Notes Over lunar year 2020 Minimum per lunar day Maximum per lunar day On Shackleton Crater ridge: point A 89.68°S 166.0°W 81% 44% 98% Even during the worst lunar day the longest period of darkness is ~7 Earth days, with shortest periods of light between darkness of ~3 Earth days
Near the center of the crater floor is a small ridge. The floor of the crater has an average depth of 4 km and it is 60 km across. The slope of the crater walls is 10–15°. [1] Because of the crater's location near the lunar south pole, the main part of the crater is illuminated by the Sun during only 25% of each lunar day.
Daylight on the Moon lasts approximately two weeks, followed by approximately two weeks of night, while both lunar poles are illuminated almost constantly. [19] [20] [21] The lunar south pole features a region with crater rims exposed to near constant solar illumination, yet the interior of the craters are permanently shaded from sunlight.
Malapert is a lunar impact crater that lies near the south pole of the Moon, named for 17th century astronomer Charles Malapert. [2] From the Earth this formation is viewed from the side, limiting the amount of detail that can be seen. The crater is also illuminated at very low angles, so that parts of the interior remain in almost constant ...
The rotational axis of the Moon passes through Shackleton, near the rim. The crater is 21 km (13 miles) in diameter and 4.2 km (2.6 miles) deep. [2] From the Earth, it is viewed edge-on in a region of rough, cratered terrain. It is located within the South Pole–Aitken basin on a massif. [3]
The Moon's Shackleton Crater, as imaged by Earth-based radar. In some cases, peaks of eternal light are located nearby, that could be advantageous for solar power generation. For example, there are two peaks near Shackleton Crater that are illuminated a combined ~94% of a lunar year. [19] Permanently shadowed regions have a stable surface ...
ILO-1 or ILO-2 may fly with Intuitive Machines to the Moon South Pole region in late 2024 aboard IM-2, or fly with other international or national lunar missions currently under development. [20] The small robotic ILO-1 observatory is designed to withstand the long lunar nights so it is expected to operate for a few years. [17]