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Dental sealants (also termed pit and fissure sealants, [1] or simply fissure sealants) [2] are a dental treatment intended to prevent tooth decay. Teeth have recesses on their biting surfaces; the back teeth have fissures (grooves) and some front teeth have cingulum pits. It is these pits and fissures that are most vulnerable to tooth decay ...
The retention rate of ART sealants using HVGIC [8] has improved significantly compared to low and medium viscosity-viscosity glass-ionomers previously used. [9] ART sealants appear to have a high caries preventive effect. [10] ART/HVGIC sealants are effective in controlling dentine-carious-lesion development in pits and fissures. [1]
The ionomer has a number of uses in dentistry. It can be applied as fissure sealant, placed in endodontic access cavity as a temporary filling and a luting agent. It can also be used to restore lesions in both primary and permanent dentition. They are easier to use and are a very popular group of materials. Advantages of using RMGIC: [12]
The progression of pit and fissure caries resembles two triangles with their bases meeting along the junction of enamel and dentin. Teeth are bathed in saliva and have a coating of bacteria on them that continually forms. The development of biofilm begins with pellicle formation. Pellicle is an acellular proteinaceous film which covers the teeth.
Fissure sealants, which involve the use of glass ionomers as the materials can be mixed to achieve a certain fluid consistency and viscosity that allows the cement to sink into fissures and pits located in posterior teeth and fill these spaces which pose as a site for caries risk, thereby reducing the risk of caries manifesting.
A study conducted over the course of 11 years reports similar failure rates of direct composite fillings and indirect composite inlays. [28] Another study concludes that although there is a lower failure rate of composite inlays it would be insignificant and anyway too small to justify the additional effort of the indirect technique. [ 36 ]
A 1930s poster from the Work Projects Administration promoting oral hygiene. Tooth decay is the most common global disease. [14] Over 80% of cavities occur inside fissures in teeth where brushing cannot reach food left trapped after eating and saliva and fluoride have no access to neutralize acid and remineralize demineralized teeth, unlike easy-to-clean parts of the tooth, where fewer ...
Fissure sealants applied over the chewing surfaces of teeth, block plaque from being trapped inside pits and fissures. The sealants make brushing more effective and prevent acid demineralisation and tooth decay. [10] A diet low in fermentable carbohydrates will reduce the buildup of plaque on teeth. [7]