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The 18th century in Spanish historiography is often referred to as Bourbon Spain, but the Spanish Bourbons continued to reign from 1814 to 1868 (following the restoration of Ferdinand VII), from 1874 to 1931, and since 1975.
In the late 18th century, Spain had an alliance with France, and therefore did not have to fear a land war. Its only serious enemy was Britain, which had a powerful navy; Spain therefore concentrated its resources on its navy. When the French Revolution overthrew the Bourbons, a land war with France became a threat which the king tried to avoid.
The Kingdom of Spain lost Spanish Netherlands, Spanish viceroyalty of Naples and Sicily, Duchy of Milan, Menorca and Gibraltar. 1717: 27 May: Viceroyalty of New Granada began. 1761: Seven Years' War: Spain declared war on Great Britain. 1763: 10 February: Treaty of Paris. Spain recovers Florida and obtains Louisiana till 1801. 1778
In Spain the distinction between the social classes diminished in the 18th century. The military justification of the nobles diminished with the appearance of a national army. The Bourbons opposed the political pretensions of the nobility, decreased its number, restricted its fiscal exemptions by indirect taxes, and decreed that work was ...
Spain in the 19th century was a country in turmoil. Occupied by Napoleon from 1808 to 1814, a massively destructive "liberation war" ensued.Following the Spanish Constitution of 1812, Spain was divided between the 1812 constitution's liberal principles and the absolutism personified by the rule of Ferdinand VII, who repealed the 1812 Constitution for the first time in 1814, only to be forced ...
Library of Congress Country studies: Spain; Scholarly articles in English about Spanish School, 18th century both in web and PDF @ the Spanish Old Masters Gallery; KMLA History of Spain; Artehistoria, providing biographies, histories, and many pictures (in Spanish) Portal Fuenterebollo, providing information on specific Spanish historical ...
The 18th century was a century of prosperity for the overseas Spanish Empire as trade within grew steadily, particularly in the second half of the century, under the Bourbon reforms. Spain's victory in the Battle of Cartagena de Indias against a British expedition in the Caribbean port of Cartagena de Indias helped Spain secure its dominance of ...
Battle of Denain. The 18th century began with the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714). The European powers, worried about the hegemonic power of the French King Louis XIV, together with his grandson Philip V of Spain, whom Charles II had named heir to the throne, formed the Grand Alliance and endorsed the attempt of Archduke Charles of Austria to accede to the crown.